Explicit and Implicit Trust Criteria in Business Partnerships

Identifying and understanding the similarities and differences between subjective trust criteria in Russian and European business can help offer scientific recommendations for the development of long-term international business cooperation, based on mutual trust, despite the differences between both cultures. The purpose of this study is to describe the relations between the implicit and explicit trust criteria presented in Russian and European studies, and to compare how these criteria are expressed in Russian and European publications from a quantitative perspective. Using the content analysis of European and Russian publications for the period 2005–2015, the following main research questions are considered: (1) Are more references made to explicit trust criteria than implicit trust criteria? (2) Are the explicit criteria focused on a partner’s business mentioned more often than the explicit criteria focused on a partner’s competences and personality? (3) Are more references made to implicit trust criteria in Russian or European scientific articles? As the results reveal, although implicit criteria do not dominate in the subjective trust criteria for business partnerships,they nevertheless have a significant presence. Trust criteria based on characteristics related to business dominate the criteria for a partner’s competences and personality. The differences between explicit and implicit trust criteria in Russian and European publications are not statistically significant. Nevertheless, on average, the difference between implicit and explicit assumptions of confidence is 0.13 in Russian studies and 0.34 in European studies. The study revealed that small companies entering the international market should consider the risks associated with a failure to understand what a business partner considers an implicit sign for triggering business relations and trust. Keywords: trust in business relations, implicit and explicit trust criteri

Which Employees are Most Motivated to Share Knowledge – the Role of Age-Based Differentiation in Knowledge-Sharing Motivation

Received 22 August 2018. Accepted 3 December 2018. Published online 1 April 2019.The problem of age diversity in the workplace is becoming increasingly important, especially because of the ageing workforce. Knowledgesharing should therefore be encouraged among employees of different ages. The topic of this research is the role of age-based differentiation or intergenerational differentiation in motivation to share knowledge. Participating in this study were 202 employees of six Slovenian companies. The participants filled out the Knowledgesharing Motivation Measure, translated into Slovenian for the purposes of this study, and The Intergenerational Differentiation in the Workplace Measure. Our objective was to find out how three different age groups differ in the subjective perceptions of knowledgesharing motivation and how the perception of intergenerational differentiation is correlated with knowledge sharing motivation. The results show that the youngest age group of employees feels the most discriminated against due to their age, but is also the most motivated to share knowledge when compared to the other two age groups. The correlation between the two measured constructs is not significant. The main findings are that it is important to acknowledge the younger age group of employees, since it seems to be the most vulnerable to intergenerational differentiation. Also, it is important to encourage older workers to share their valuable knowledge

Westernization of Russian culture by media products

© Serials Publications.Relevance of the problem is determined by the fact that in the era of globalization western culture constantly influences the Russian culture. Mainly via different mass cultural products, for example movies, television. The article is aimed at the study of the examples of positive and negative influence of westernization on Russian culture, including language culture, and the means of its implementation. The main method of the research was studying theoretical information about this topic and the examples illustrating this phenomenon. As the result of the research it was found out that most of the researches consider westernization as a negative process and. They think that it threatens original Russian culture as well as rich Russian language. This article can be interesting to a wide range of readers, students, cultural scientists, linguists, political scientists while studying modern process going on with traditional Russian culture

The influence of foreign borrowings in business and tourist vocabulary on student's LSP learning

The article is devoted to the problem of the constant changes in linguistic preferences and influence of western culture because of the process of westernization, especially in business and tourist spheres. The aim of the article is to investigate new tendencies in the foreign words borrowings and their establishment in the Russian language. The leading approach to the study of this problem was the study of theoretical and practical material on this subject. Due to the study, it was revealed that the process of westernization has both positive and negative influence on language enrichment in business and tourist spheres. This article may be useful for a wide range of readers, students, scientists, linguists in the study of contemporary processes occurring in the Russian traditional culture and in compiling dictionaries in the field of English for specific purposes. Foreign borrowings became an important layer of the Russian language and may benefit the process of language education among the students of different faculties. The enrichment of the Russian language with new terminology makes the process of teaching language for specific purposes' easier

Quantum-chemical study of the structure and reactivity of pyrazol-5-ones and their thio and seleno analogs: X. 1-methylpyrazol-5-one and its thio and seleno analogs in H-complex formation reactions in the gas phase and in solutions

The effects of specific solvation and self-association of chalcogenpyrazol-5-ones are assessed using nonempirical quantum-chemical, density functional theory (DFT), and MP2 second-order perturbation theory methods. The formation of H-complexes with water, methanol, and DMSO stabilizes all tautomeric forms, the NH tautomers of all hetero analogs being the most affected. The NH tautomers form with water 1:2 complexes which reveal cooperativity. The complexes of chalcogenpyrazolones with DMSO are more stable than the respective complexes with water, and, therewith, the extra stabilization in continuum is less pronounced than in the case of hydration. Quantitatively, the effects of tautomer self-association compare with the effects of interaction of chalcogenpyrazolones with proton-donor solvents. © 2007 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

The Relationship between Control over a Deal and Cognitive-Based Trust in an International Business Partnership

Background and purpose: Trust is embedded into the national culture. It is a tool that helps create strategic partÂnerships and facilitates deals that carry certain risks. Cultural differences and norms can affect business relations, but more often focus is on the obvious differences. Although trust in a business partner may be due to non-obvious differences, for example, which part of the deal the partner wants to control himself and which part of the deal he wants to give to the partner to control. If the difference between the real and desired levels of the partner's control over the deal is large, then is trust possible, especially in intercultural business relations? Objective: One aim of our study is to find out whether trust may be considered as moderator of control in a business deal. In other words, if the level of trust in a business partner is higher, are the partners more open to sharing their control over the deal with each other? The other aim is to identify the links between these indicators (trust and conÂtrol) in business partnerships of partners from different cultures. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study investigated the answers of 103 Slovenian and 124 Russian business partners. The Organizational Trust Inventory (OTI) and the 5-items questionnaire on control over deal were used to collect data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to process the data collected. Results: The probability that the business partner will not fulfil their obligations in the deal negatively relates to the level of trust. The difference between degree of desired control and degree of control negatively relates to the level of trust. Conclusion: As our results showed, trust cannot be considered as a strong moderator of control between partners. In response to greater trust, the respondents only agree to increase their partner's control, but are not willing to reÂduce their own. Moreover, this finding is stronger in the group of Russian partners than in the Slovenian ones. © 2020 Sciendo. All rights reserved

Perceived helpfulness of eWOM: emotions, fairness and rationality

YesConsumers use online reviews to help make informed purchase decisions. This paper extends existing research by examining how content of online reviews influences perceptions of helpfulness by demonstrating how different emotions can influence helpfulness of both product and service online reviews beyond a valence-based approach using cognitive appraisal theory and attribution theory. This research contributes to existing knowledge regarding the theory of information processing, attribution theory, and cognitive appraisal theory of emotions. Using findings from this study, practitioners can make review websites more user-friendly which will help readers avoid information overload and make more informed purchase decisions

Quantum-chemical investigation of structure and reactivity of pyrazol-5-ones and their thio- and seleno-analogs: X. Solvent effect on the chemical shifts of nuclei in the molecules of 3-methylpyrazol-5-ones and 1-phenyl-3-methylchalcogenepyrazol-5-ones and characteristics of tautomeric equilibrium in these compounds

By quantum-chemical DFT/GIAO method chemical shifts of all nuclei in the NMR spectra of 3-methylpyrazol-5-one and 1-phenyl-3-methylchalcogenopyrazol-5- ones in chloroform and dimethyl sulfoxide were calculated and analyzed using various solvation models. Low sensitivity to solvent of the chemical shfts of 13C and 1H nuclei (except for "acidic" protons) calculated in the framework of various continuum models is revealed. Discrete and discrete-continuum models reflect well deshielding of the active centers of H-complexation and chemical shifts of "acidic" protons of the studied pyrazolones in solutions. Optimization of geometry of pyrazolones in solutions only slightly improves the agreement between the theoretically calculated and the experimental values. Shielding of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and selenium atoms is more sensitive to the nature of solvent and to the nature of tautomeric forms. The methods of NMR spectroscopy allow to identify reliably the dominating tautomeric form but they are insufficient for the quantitative characterization of tautomeric equilibria. © 2009 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

The Role of Managers’ Cultural Intelligence and Demographic Variables in Building Trust in Business Relations

Received 23 November 2021. Accepted 22 December 2022. Published online 30 December 2022.This article examines the role of such factors as gender, age, nationality, and cultural intelligence in building trust between business partners coming from different countries. The research involved 560 employees, of which 115 were Croatians (20.5%), 114—Russians (20.4%), and 331—Slovenians (59.1%). In addition to socio-demographic questions (gender, age, nationality), we employed the Organizational Trust Inventory and the Cultural Intelligence Scale. The research was made available to the participants online and in three language versions— Croatian, Russian, and Slovenian. We discovered that gender played the greatest role in building trust between business partners, since women rated all trust components higher than men. Cultural intelligence, nationality, and age are not predictors of trust among business partners. Our data contributes to a clearer understanding of the ambiguity of predictors of trust. While previous studies have focused on cultural intelligence as a factor in successful international interaction, our results show that cultural identity retains its importance even in the context of globalization and international cooperation

Problems of regulation in financial markets

© Medwell Journals, 2017. The development of economic processes in the contemporary peace requires symmetrical efforts for guaranteeing the stability of markets as a whole and financial markets in particular. The development of financial markets is located under the effect of the development of economic systems and vice versa. In this connection questions of the adequate evolution of financial supervision become very urgent. In the study, problems and questions of the activity of mega-regulator in Russia in the context of the world experience of active financial policy and regulation of financial markets are illuminated. Are examined prospects, problems and marks of possible versions. The conceptual vision of nature of the development of the mega-regulation of financial markets as immanent institute in the social-economic system is stated